The whale shark is the largest and heaviest fish ever seen in our oceans, and its existence dates
back to more than 65 million years. Yet, we still know very little about these mysterious gentle
giants.
Despite the broad distribution of whale sharks in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe,
there are only about 20 locations where regular sightings of these creatures have been
reported in coastal areas, including the Maldives, South Africa, Mozambique, Mexico, Belize
and Australia, and the majority of these locations represent seasonal "feeding aggregations"
for whale sharks, which are seen only for a few months each year.
In contrast, whale sharks are year-round residents of South Ari Atoll in the Maldives, which is
a Marine Protected Area (SAMPA), making this a very special place. Maafushivaru is blessed
to be located in such a unique part of this beautiful island nation indeed. Snorkelers and
divers are frequently surprised by the colossal and magical presence of this iconic species,
with the vast majority of encounters happening very close to the surface.
There are a few global facts we know about whale sharks. They are gentle, slow-moving filter
feeders, feeding mainly on zooplankton, and the largest on record was reportedly 20 meters in
length with a mouth that can be up to 1.5 meters wide! They can live up to 100 years, and
interestingly enough, each individual whale shark has a unique pattern of spots and stripes,
much like a human fingerprint, which can be used to identify it.
Out of the over 9700 whale sharks identified in the global whale shark database, around 2/3
are juvenile males. Sightings of females and adults of both sexes (and babies) are very rare.
Very little is also known about their reproduction and life history, and no one has yet seen a
whale shark mating or giving birth! While we still lack information about the global whale
shark population, the species is considered endangered, having suffered a population decline
of more than 50% in the past three generations according to International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
At Maafushivaru, we collaborate with the Maldivian Whale Shark Research Project (MWSRP),
a non-profit organization, which carries out whale shark research to understand their
population dynamics in the Maldives.
Every time we bring our guests snorkelling or diving with whale sharks, we submit ID photos
and sighting data to the MWSRP. This means everyone can participate as a "citizen scientist"
and help with the global conservation of this threatened species! These collaborations have
allowed the MWSRP to identify 391 whale sharks in the Maldives, of which 86.2% are juvenile
males. In addition, the data indicates that re-sightings of individual whale sharks at SAMPA
are very high and over long periods of time. For example, the individual whale shark WS071
has been seen 238 times in 10 years. Therefore, SAMPA appears to offer a critical habitat and a
global significant aggregation of whale sharks in the pre-mature stage, which shows no
seasonality.
We have had 10 incredible encounters with whale sharks in South
Ari Atoll, including a few re-sightings, during our snorkelling and diving safaris. We were
also very lucky to identify a new juvenile male, which had not been previously registered in
the MWSRP database! His name is "Javaahiru" (jewel in the local language Dhivehi) and we
have seen it twice in two months!
Diving and snorkelling with these gentle giants is not only a truly breath-taking experience
but also a unique opportunity to contribute to the much needed conservation of these
amazing creatures!